Well, typically they would issue a regiment the same type of rifle. The Springfield and Enfield could both use standard .58 caliber cartridges (an Enfield is actually .577 but that's close enough for a muzzle-loader), and they were the two most common. But they also used the .69 caliber 1842 musket and .54 Lorenz in large numbers, espesically earlier in the war. They even had the old .54 Mississipi, .70 Brunswick and so on. And that's not even considering the repeaters the Union cavalry issued.
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