Not sure about that particular picture, but have seen mention and pics of a 5.45mm Dragunov variant, think it had a two letter acronym like "AR" or something like that.
EDIT: Was the AF, found some information about it
here. According to google translate it was part of a project codenamed "Flag" in the 1970s, which had the aim of increasing the performance achieved from the 5.45x39mm cartridge. Someone who speaks Russian may be able to get more out of this. There are some really intriguing designs on that page such as a double barrelled assault rifle much like the seemingly mythical AO-63. In fact it may be the AO-63, as it makes a reference to the Abakan trials, which is where the AO-63 was tested.